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| Volume 4, No. 2 | The Eyewitness Accounts of the Eno and Related Indians
|
1976 |
It is generally believed that four main nations of Indians
once lived in North Carolina. The Cherokee lived in the mountains; the Sioux
in the piedmont; the Algonquin on the coast; and the Tuscarora, of Iroquois
stock from the north, came and went as hunters and marauders. For some 200
years a fifth nation of Indians dominated the Pee Dee region. They were mound
builders unlike any other Indians in North Carolina.
On the Eno or on the lands near it, five historic tribes or subgroups appear
to have lived. The Tuscarora hunted and camped there in their transient way.
The Eno, Shocco and Adshusheer, all Sioux Indians with some mixture of ol-Algonquin,
settled in villages and farmed. They were joined in the late seventeenth
century by the Occaneechi, kindred Sioux Indians, who built their town upon
the Eno near Hillsborough.
In the early accounts these Indian names were variously spelled by different
writers in their effort to approximate Indian speech. You will notice some
of these variant spellings as you read:
- Eno: Haynoke, Oenock, Aeno, Enoe
- Shocco: Cacores, Shacco, Shaccories, Shakory
- Tuscarora: Tuskarorawe
- Occaneechi: Akenatzy, Occhonechee, Ochenechee, Achonechy, Occoneechee
Occasionally place names help to record the migrations of these historic
tribes. In some early accounts and maps, the town of Akenatzy is located
on the Roanoke River; later it moved to the Eno River. A river called the
Enoree in South Carolina identifies the Eno Indians as having once been there.
The suffix "ree" is our article "the." Enoree literally
means "the Eno."
History is haphazard and only a few accounts and notations on maps remain
of the Indians who lived on the Eno. Fragmentary and scattered as these accounts
are, they are lively glimpses into the past, displaying its daily dimensions
and the human fears, prejudices, sympathies and separations that occurred
at this extraordinary meeting of the Old World with the New. These six accounts
give us some fixities:
1654: First recorded mention of the Eno Indians, Francis Yardley
1670: First recorded encounter with the Eno, John Lederer
1673: Second exploration, Gabriel Arthur and John Needham
1676: Bacon's Massacre, Elizabeth Duke's account
1701: Third exploration, John Lawson
1733: Meeting with Shacco Will, Wm. Byrd
.
|
